MySQL列转行、行转列

Posted by Jackson on 2017-09-07

准备数据

创建表:

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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_score;

CREATE TABLE tb_score(
id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
subject VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '科目',
score DOUBLE COMMENT '成绩',
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

插入数据:

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INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','语文',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','数学',92);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','英语',80);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','语文',88);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','数学',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','英语',75.5);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','语文',70);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','数学',85);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','英语',90);
INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','政治',82);

SELECT * FROM tb_score
建表

WITH ROLLUP 的用法

1.WITH ROLLUP:在group分组字段的基础上再进行统计数据。

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SELECT userid,IFNULL(`subject`,'total') AS `subject`,SUM(score) AS score
FROM tb_score
GROUP BY userid,`subject`
WITH ROLLUP

在这里插入图片描述
上面的结果第是为每个userid进行的统计,最后的一列是对所有的total进行的统计

MySQL行转列

建表
要将上面的数据转换成为下面的格式
在这里插入图片描述

1、使用case…when…then 进行行转列

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SELECT userid,
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '语文' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '语文',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '数学' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '数学',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '英语' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '英语',
SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '政治' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '政治'
FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid

2、使用IF() 进行行转列:

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SELECT userid,
SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) as '语文',
SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) as '数学',
SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) as '英语',
SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) as '政治'
FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid

注意点:

(1)SUM() 是为了能够使用GROUP BY根据userid进行分组,因为每一个userid对应的subject="语文"的记录只有一条,所以SUM() 的值就等于对应那一条记录的score的值。

假如userid =‘001’ and subject=‘语文’ 的记录有两条,则此时SUM() 的值将会是这两条记录的和,同理,使用Max()的值将会是这两条记录里面值最大的一个。但是正常情况下,一个user对应一个subject只有一个分数,因此可以使用SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()等聚合函数都可以达到行转列的效果。

(2)IF(subject=‘语文’,score,0) 作为条件,即对所有subject='语文’的记录的score字段进行SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()操作,如果score没有值则默认为0。

3、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行

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SELECT IFNULL(userid,'total') AS userid,
SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) AS 语文,
SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) AS 数学,
SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) AS 英语,
SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) AS 政治,
SUM(IF(`subject`='total',score,0)) AS total
FROM(
SELECT userid,IFNULL(`subject`,'total') AS `subject`,SUM(score) AS score
FROM tb_score
GROUP BY userid,`subject`
WITH ROLLUP
HAVING userid IS NOT NULL
)AS A
GROUP BY userid WITH ROLLUP;

在这里插入图片描述

MySQL列转行

创建表:

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CREATE TABLE tb_score1(
id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
cn_score DOUBLE COMMENT '语文成绩',
math_score DOUBLE COMMENT '数学成绩',
en_score DOUBLE COMMENT '英语成绩',
po_score DOUBLE COMMENT '政治成绩',
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

插入数据:

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INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('001',90,92,80,0);
INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('002',88,90,75.5,0);
INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('003',70,85,90,82);

在这里插入图片描述
结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
本质是将userid的每个科目分数分散成一条记录显示出来。

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SELECT userid,'语文' AS course,cn_score AS score FROM tb_score1
UNION ALL
SELECT userid,'数学' AS course,math_score AS score FROM tb_score1
UNION ALL
SELECT userid,'英语' AS course,en_score AS score FROM tb_score1
UNION ALL
SELECT userid,'政治' AS course,po_score AS score FROM tb_score1
ORDER BY userid

UNION与UNION ALL的区别:

1.对重复结果的处理:UNION会去掉重复记录,UNION ALL不会;

2.对排序的处理:UNION会排序,UNION ALL只是简单地将两个结果集合并;

3.效率方面的区别:因为UNION 会做去重和排序处理,因此效率比UNION ALL慢很多;